Праздники Великобритании, обзор - текст на английском языке. В конце текста - тематический словарик.
It may seem surprising but the British have fewer holidays than
many other countries. Some of them are named Bank
Holidays due to the fact that on those days the banks are
closed.
In England and Wales they comprise at present five bank holidays
(New Year’s Day, Easter Monday, spring and late
summer holidays at the end of May and August respectively, and Boxing Day1; they also
have two common holidays (Good
Friday2, Christmas Day).
In Scotland and Northern Ireland they have six bank holidays, plus
two other public holidays. The particular dates of the bank
holidays are fixed annually.
January, 1
It is a bank holiday though many Britons do not celebrate on New
Year’s Eve. In Scotland New Year’s Eve is called Hogmanay3 and is an
occasion for joyous celebration. In London Scottish people gather
on the steps of St. Paul’s Cathedral and sing "Auld Lang Syne"4 at
midnight.
April, 3
The word Easter owes its name and many of its customs to a pageant
festival hold eostre which is the name of Anglo-Saxon goddess of
spring time. Every spring European peoples celebrated the festival
to honour the awakening of new life in nature.
Christians related the rising of the sun to the resurrection of
Jesus and their old spiritual rebirth. This "holy" day is
celebrated in many countries of the world.
The Summer Bank Holidays is the most popular holiday, because it comes at a time when children are not at school. Many families try to go away to the seaside or the country as they may indeed have done at Easter or in Spring.
November, 5
Guy Fawkes Night or Bonfire Night is an annual celebration held on
the evening of 5 November to mark the failure of the Gunpowder Plot
of 5 November 1605, in which a number of Catholic conspirators,
including Guy Fawkes, attempted to destroy the United Kingdom's
Houses of Parliament, in London. The occasion is primarily
celebrated in the United Kingdom where, by an Act of Parliament
called The Thanksgiving Act, it was compulsory until 1859, to
celebrate the deliverance of the King of England, Scotland, and
Ireland. Festivities are centred on the use of fireworks and the
lighting of bonfires.
October, 31
Halloween is also called All Saints’ Eve. It has ancient roots in
the polytheistic Celtic harvest festival of Samhain (pronounced /sɑːwɪn/) and
the Christian holy day of All Saints, but is today largely a
secular celebration.
Halloween activities include trick-or-treating , wearing costumes
and attending costume parties, carving jack-o'-lanterns, ghost
tours, bonfires, apple bobbing, visiting haunted attractions,
pranks, telling scary stories, and watching horror films.
November, 11
Remembrance Day (also known as Armistice Day) is observed
throughout the Commonwealth and dates back to November 11, 1918
when all fighting in the First World War ended. it now commemorates
British soldiers, sailors and airmen who gave their lives in the
two world wars. Special Services are held and wreaths are laid at
the Cenotaph, a war manorial at Whitehall, where thousands of
Londoners observe the two-minute silence and participate in the
remembrance ceremony. Similar ceremonies are held throughout the
country.
December, 25
In England Christmas is the most important of all the bank holidays
of the year. it is celebrated much the same way as in the United
States of America. On December 26, the Boxing Day, traditionally
people give each other Christmas presents, which used to come in
boxes. It is a very pleasant custom indeed.
London remains one of the world’s strongholds of pageantry much of which is centred on traditional observances connected with the Royal family. They are always attracting large crowds of spectators, native Londoners as well as foreign visitors. Here are two of them.
This ceremony is held on the Sovereign’s official birthday in June. This is the most colourful of all London’s annual events, a pageantry of rare splendour with the Queen riding side-saddled on a highly trained horse. On Horse Guards’ Parade in Whitehall the Queen inspects the Brigade of Guards, dressed in ceremonial uniforms. Then comes the Trooping ceremony, followed by the March past of the Guards to the music of the bands. Specially noted should be the precision drill of the regiments.
This is another royal event at the end of November which draws thousands of spectators, who see the Queen on the drive from Buckingham Palace to the Houses of parliament in the State Coach. The public are not admitted to parliament to see her read the speech from the Throne, prepared for her by the Government. But the State Opening is televised. Visitors are admitted to the Public Galleries only by the personal invitation of the members of Parliament.
note 1
Boxing Day (День подарков) – праздник этот - продолжение
англо-саксонской традиции дарить традиционные подарки бедным людям
и рабам. В средние века в этот день священники обычно открывали
ящики для пожертвований и раздавали их содержимое бедным людям
прихода. Впоследствии отсюда развился обычай раздачи рождественских
денежных подарков ("boxes") прислуге и государственным служащим.
обслуживающий персонал и пр. Празднуется обычно 26 декабря, после
Рождества, в день св. Стефана.
note 2
Good Friday - Великая пятница (также Страстная пятница,
лат. Dies Passionis Domini) — пятница Страстной недели,
которая посвящена воспоминанию крестной смерти Иисуса Христа,
снятию с креста Его тела и погребения.
note 3
Hogmanay (произносится [hɔɡməneː], с ударением на последнем
слоге) – так в Шотландии называют последний день года
Считают, что это слово происходит от гэльского «oge maidne», что
означает «новое утро». Также есть мнение, что название праздника -
англо-саксонского происхождения и изначально писалось как «Haleg
Moneth» - «святой месяц». «Хогманай» - очень древний праздник,
который отмечали еще язычники, поклонявшиеся огню и солнцу.
Также он связан и с праздником солнцеворота, который существовал у
викингов.
note 4
Auld Lang Syne (шотландское произношение: [΄ɔːld lɑŋ΄səin]:
скорее "s" чем "z") - буквальный перевод на английский язык
названия этой песни: "old long since", или "long long ago", или
ещё более идиоматично: "days gone by". Вообще "Auld Lang Syne" -
Это шотландская поэма, написанная Робертом Бёрнсом в 1788 году и
переложенная на мелодию народной шотландской песни
.
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